Visual phenomena and anatomo-electro-clinical correlations in occipital lobe seizures

BackgroundOccipital lobe seizure are underrepresented in epilepsy surgery cases series. This may reflect the fear for post-surgical functional deficits but also the doubt about the ability of anatomo-electro-clinical correlations to localize precisely the epileptogenic zone in occipital lobe seizure.MethodsIn this expert opinion paper, we review first the general clinical characteristics of occipital lobe seizures, describe the repertoire of visual phenomena and oculo-motor signes in occipital seizures, describe inter-ictal and ictal EEG and finally the possible schemes of epileptogenic zone organization.ResultsVisual and oculo-motor semiology points towards occipital onset seizures but is neither pathognomonic nor constant. Eyes version and unilateral ictal discharge have a strong lateralizing value but inter-ictal spikes as well as eyes version can be falsely lateralizing.ConclusionAlthough visual and oculo-motor phenomena are characteristic of occipital lobe seizures, they may be discrete, overlooked and should therefore be carefully assessed. There are no clear electro-clinical correlations of a sublobar organization of occipital seizures but the clinical pattern of propagation might help to differentiate complex occipito-temporal from occipito-parietal initial epileptogenic network.     

Early graft function and intrarenal resistant index after kidney transplantation using Biolasol—A new solid organ preservation fluid

Biolasol is a newly developed preserving solution for cold organ storage prior to transplantation. To date, only animal model experiments results are available. The aim of this single-center analysis was to summarize the clinical experience concerning the early post-transplant course of kidney grafts preserved with Biolasol in comparison with other preservation solutions. Before transplantation, 173 kidney grafts were preserved using Biolasol and 240 organs with other solutions (University of Wisconsin—UW, Institute Georges Lopez—IGL-1, or StoreProtect Plus solutions). Early graft function was defined based on serum creatinine concentration at day 3 (<3 mg/dL—immediate graft function, IGF or >3 mg/dL—slow graft function, SGF) or the need of dialysis therapy during first post-operative week (delayed graft function, DGF). The analysis included intrarenal resistive indices measured by Doppler sonography early after transplantation and before discharge from the hospital. IGF was more frequent in patients with organs preserved with IGL-1 (33.5%) and StoreProtect Plus (38.8%) than Biolasol (18.5%), whereas there was no difference in the occurrence of DGF. Both initial and discharge median resistance index values were significantly higher in the Biolasol subgroup (0.77 and 0.75) than in all three other subgroups (P values for all comparisons <.001), also after 1:1 propensity score matching for baseline characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis based on the propensity score-matched cohort revealed that the use of Biolasol solution [OR 0.59 (0.35-0.98); P < .05] independently decreased the occurrence of IGF. In our single-center clinical experience, kidney preservation using Biolasol solution was associated with significantly higher intrarenal resistant index in comparison with other preservation fluids, as well as worse early graft function than in the IGL-1 and the StoreProtect Plus subgroups. Long-term follow-up is needed in order to assess the kidney graft and patient survival.     

Application of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Japan

As in many Western countries, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is already being used daily in Japan to clinically treat neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Additionally, in both Europe and the United States, numerous case reports as well as multicenter randomized controlled trials have examined its use for treatment-refractory mental illnesses such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder. Based on a number of the reports, the European Union (EU) and the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted limited approval of DBS for treatment-resistant OCD in 2009. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis in 2015 showed that DBS therapy for patients with treatment-resistant OCD had efficacy and was safe. Unlike the EU and the USA, DBS is not used to treat OCD or other psychiatric disorders in Japan, even though people with treatment-resistant OCD and their physicians and families urgently need additional treatments. This situation results from the “Resolution of total denial for psychosurgery,” which the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology adopted in 1975. We believe that the appropriateness of using DBS for treating psychiatric disorders including OCD should be considered after thorough discussion and consideration based on accurate and objective understanding. Currently, the field of psychiatry in Japan seems to lack scientific consideration as well as scientific understanding in this area. Under these circumstances, we hope that this review article will help psychiatrists and other relevant parties in Japan to gain an accurate and scientific understanding of DBS.     

AR-V7表达与去势抵抗性前列腺癌阿比特龙治疗敏感性的相关性研究

目的:探讨去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)患者中雄激素受体剪切变异体7(AR-V7)的表达与阿比特龙治疗敏感性的相关性。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究对2016年1月至2019年1月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的年龄≥18岁,存在1≥处全身转移,拟使用阿比特龙治疗的新发CRPC患者行外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)AR-V7检测,根据检测结果将患者分为AR-V7阳性组和AR-V7阴性组,对两组患者PSA下降时间、PSA无进展生存(PFS)、临床状态PFS、影像学PFS以及总生存进行统计分析。结果:共入组77例患者,其中AR-V7阴性组49例,AR-V7阳性组28例。AR-V7阴性组PSA下降时间[(72.04±66.92)d与(190.11±102.44)d,P=0.000]、PSA无应答率[6.12%(3/49)与21.4%(6/28),P=0.040]明显小于AR-V7阳性组,而PSA PFS[(489.17±269.39)d与(130.56±120)d,P=0.010]、临床状态PFS[(551.91±322.05)d与(261.44±200.85)d,P=0.018]、影像学PFS[(523.7±223.28)d与(247.56±202.80)d,P=0.003]明显长于AR-V7阳性组。AR-V7阳性组和AR-V7阴性组的肿瘤特异性生存时间分别为(1246.89±375.65)d和(1001.42±248.94)d(P=0.159),总生存率分别为89.8%(44/49)和89.3%(25/28)(P=0.176),差异均无统计学意义。结论:CRPC患者中,AR-V7表达与阿比特龙治疗敏感性及患者预后密切相关,阳性表达患者阿比特龙治疗效果及预后较差。     

芒柄花素抑制RANKL诱导破骨细胞分化的实验研究

目的:建立RANKL诱导的破骨细胞体外研究模型,阐述活血化瘀中药鸡血藤有效组分芒柄花素(formononetin,FO)调控小鼠骨髓单核-巨噬细胞(BMMs)向破骨细胞分化和功能的影响,探讨其抑制破骨细胞分化的分子机制。方法:取20只4~6周龄清洁级C57/BL6小鼠,雌雄各10只,体重(20±2)g,无菌条件下分离出股骨和胫骨内BMMs,用α-MEM培养基进行体外培养和增殖。BMMs在加入M-CSF和不同浓度的芒柄花素(5~50?滋M)分别培养4 d后进行细胞增殖与毒性的CCK8检测。将生长状态良好的BMMs依次加入M-CSF和RANKL诱导破骨细胞分化,对照组无特殊处理,DMSO对照组加入DMSO溶剂,各观察组分别加入不同浓度芒柄花素(1~20?滋M),分别进行培养6 d后进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色,对破骨细胞的进行计数和统计分析。分别在破骨细胞培养的1、2 d收取总蛋白和磷酸化蛋白,Western blot检测破骨细胞分化中关键转录因子NFATc1和c-Fos的表达以及磷酸化蛋白ERK表达;在培养的4 d提取RNA,Real-Time PCR检测破骨细胞相关基因CTSK、TRAP、MMP9和Car2的活性。结果:CCK8检测结果提示芒柄花素能够剂量依赖性地抑制BMMs的活性,在≤20?滋M的安全浓度范围内对BMMs细胞生长无明显毒性效应(P=0.278>0.05)。TRAP染色结果发现芒柄花素在(1~20?滋M)浓度范围内能够剂量依赖性的抑制破骨细胞的生成,尤其是10?滋M能够显著抑制破骨细胞的生成(P=0.000<0.05)。Western blot检测表明芒柄花素(10?滋M)能显著抑制破骨细胞分化关键蛋白NFATc1和c-Fos的表达,而对磷酸化蛋白ERK的表达未见明显的作用。在破骨细胞功能上,Real-Time PCR检测芒柄花素(10?滋M)能著抑制破骨细胞功能相关基因CTSK(P=0.000<0.05)、TRAP(P=0.000<0.05)、MMP9(P=0.000<0.05)和Car2(P=0.000<0.05)的表达。结论:鸡血藤有效组分芒柄花素能够抑制原代骨髓单核-巨噬细胞向破骨细胞增殖和分化,并下调破骨细胞骨吸收功能相关蛋白和基因的表达,可能是其防治股骨头坏死中骨破坏及塌陷的机制之一。     

益气散结法联合化疗治疗转移去势抵抗性前列腺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨益气散结法联合化疗治疗转移去势抵抗性前列腺癌(metastatic castration-resistantprostate cancer,mCRPC)的有效性及安全性。方法将32例mCRPC患者,1∶1随机分为益气散结法联合多西他赛化疗研究组和单纯多西他赛化疗组。根据前列腺癌工作组PCWG-2标准进行疗效评价,比较2组无疾病进展生存期(progress free survival,PFS)、PSA反应率,并进行安全性评价。采用FACT-P问卷调查患者生活质量情况。结果研究组的中位PFS略长于对照组(7.4 m vs 6.6 m),但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。4周期治疗后,2组PSA水平均较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.05)。益气散结法研究组PSA反应率64.29%,对照组38.46%。安全性方面,研究组中性粒细胞减少症、疲劳发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。生活质量评分2组患者均有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论益气散结法联合多西他赛方案化疗能较好提高mCRPC患者的生活质量,降低化疗毒性,改善生存,但仍需大样本随机对照临床研究加以证实。     

宫颈癌患者PICC导管多重耐药菌感染的危险因素及病原学特征

目的探讨宫颈癌患者经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)导管多重耐药菌感染的危险因素及病原学特征。方法选取宫颈癌PICC导管患者589例,回顾性观察纳入者相关资料,对PICC导管多重感染者加强监测,着重分析、归纳感染危险因素;同时监测和记录感染者病原学特征。结果宫颈癌PICC导管相关性感染94例、感染率15.96%;多重耐药菌感染38例、感染率6.45%;共检出多重耐药菌株38株。Logistic回归分析证实化疗周期、中性粒细胞水平下降、CD4⁺/CD8⁺<1、抗菌药物使用种类、抗菌药物使用时间是宫颈癌PICC导管多重耐药菌感染危险因素(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌PICC导管多重耐药感染的危险因素复杂多样,加强高危人群监测、根据多重耐药菌病原学特征选取合理抗菌药物,有利于宫颈癌PICC导管多重耐药菌感染早期防控,避免耐药菌株播散与流行。